A Digitally Controlled 2.2 kw single phase motor south Africa.
Mazuva ano mashandisirwo emhepo anofefetera anoda imwe-chip mhinduro iyo panguva imwe chete inodzora simba-factor-kururamisa (PFC) frond-end uye maviri anogara magineti (PM) mota sensorless drives, nekushandisa imwechete dhijitari control IC. Nekudaro, kutonga kwedhijitari kune zvakakosha zvipimo zvinoita kuti mazhinji eyakajairwa yedhijitari PFC kudzora nzira kusashanda. Kuita uye kubatanidzwa kwePFC kutonga mudhijitari ICs zvave zvakaoma. International Rectifier nguva pfupi yadarika yakaunza itsva dhijitari yekudzora IC iyo yakavakirwa pane hardware computation injini inonzi motion control engine (MCE). Yakasarudzika yemhando yepamusoro yedhijitari PFC yekudzora algorithms yakagadziridzwa, uye zvinove zvinoshanda kubatanidza yedhijitari PFC ne2.2 kw single phase mota maodzanyemba kweAfrica kuita imwe yedhijitari IC. Zvichienderana neiyo nyowani yekutonga IC, 4-kW air conditioner yekunze unit inoshandisa bridgeless PFC frond-end yakagadzirwa, yakavakwa uye yakaedzwa. Iri bepa rinoongorora zvakakosha zvipimo zveyakajairwa dhijitari PFC kutonga, inopa dhizaini uye kuita kweiyo 4-kW unit.
Matatu-phase induction motors anogona kushandiswa ne single phase supply achitsiva single-phase motors.Iyo Y-yekubatanidza matatu-inofema single-phase induction motor inopihwa, umo imwe mhepo ine nhevedzano yekubatanidza ne capacitor inobatanidza kune imwe mhepo yakafanana. uye mhepo mbiri idzi dzinobatanidza kune yechitatu inoputika munhevedzano.Kubva pane yakaenzana nzira yemazuva ano, kushanda kwekushanda kwemotokari kunodzidzwa uye symmetrical operation condition inogadziriswa. pa torque yakawanda inobuda ine rated load inoiswa mberi.Ongororo dzekuyedza dzinoitwa pa2.2 kw single phase motor south africa, uye zvinoratidzwa kuti kushanda zvakanaka kweY-connection three- winding single-phase induction motor inogona kuvandudzwa. neakakodzera capacitor uye mota ine yakakwira simba chinhu uye yakada kufanana nekubudirira mukuenzanisa neyechitatu-chikamu induction mota ine matatu-chikamu chekupa.
Iyo Smith yekubatanidza iyo inogonesa yakakwana chikamu chiyero kuti chiwanikwe mune matatu-chikamu induction mota kana uchishanda pane imwechete-chikamu chinopa. Iyo Smith yekubatanidza ndeye asymmetrical yekubatanidza, asi nesarudzo yakakodzera yeterminal capacitances, yakadzikama currents inogona kubaiwa mukati memotor winding for a given speed and load. Iyo imwe-chikamu induction mota dhiraivha ine matatu-chikamu muchina kunyatsoita zvinogoneka. `Kuongorora' equations inotangwa uye inogadziriswa uchishandisa nzira yezvikamu zvesymmetrical kupa iyo mota kuita. Uchishandisa nzira yedhiyagiramu yephasor, kukosha kweiyo capacitances kupa yakakwana chikamu chiyero uye chinoguma mutsara simba chinhu chinogona kuverengerwa.
Kuderedza kurasikirwa kweJoule uye kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, nekugadzira torque yakaoma nekuda kwegineti rotor uye magineti chinhu rotor, uye nekugadzirisa torque nekuda kweiyo magineti chinhu rotor pakakwirira apo torque nekuda kwegineti rotor iri zero. A rotary shaft 1 inotsigirwa nemabearings 1a, 1b kuti itenderedzwe zvakasununguka, uye yakaiswa pane cylindrical inotsigira unit 3 yakaiswa muhombe unit 2. A fixed armature 4 inotsikirirwa kune cylindrical inotsigira unit 3, uye iyo unit. 3 inoumbwa nemapango akajeka 5a-6d uye armature coils 7a-7d. Uye magineti rotor 8 inoumbwa nemagineti mapango pakona yekuvhura ye90 deg. uye inogadziriswa mukati memukombe-yakagadzirwa soft iron rotor 9. Uye mukati me rotor 9, kunze kwechindori-yakagadzirwa magnetic substance rotor 10 inogadzira matanda akajeka 10a-10d mukati yakagadziriswa. Uye nzvimbo yemagineti rotor 8 inoonekwa negomba IC11.
Mubepa rino vanyori vanoongorora mhedzisiro yekudzikamisa sosi pakushandiswa kwesimba uye kukanganisa kweharmonic kweimwe-chikamu induction mota pombi yekumisikidzwa kwedziva rekushambira muSouth Africa. Magadzirirwo eiyo sosi yekudzikamisa sisitimu pamwe chete nekupera kwemagetsi pane akasiyana-siyana ekucheka-kubvisa ma frequency anopiwa. Mhedzisiro pakushandiswa kwesimba uye kukanganiswa kweharmonic kune maviri anotevera mamiriro anopiwa: yakajairika mamiriro ekushanda uye yakagadziridzwa mamiriro ekushanda (apo sosi yekudzikamisa system yakamiswa).
Kushandisa electromagnetic dhizaini yakasanganiswa neinopera element yekuongorora nzira, kugadzira uye kuongorora electromagnetic mutsara-kutanga imwe-chikamu chisingaperi magineti synchronous mota ye 2.2 kw single phase motor south Africa. Nekushandisa electromagnetic field finite element yekuongorora software Ansoft/Maxwell 2D inotevedzera static uye ine simba kuita kwemota. Imwe neimwe indekisi yekuita inowanikwa nekufananidza uye bvunzo iri mukati meimwe siyana yekukanganisa, simbisa iyo yechokwadi yemuenzaniso simulation uye ongororo.
Mhedzisiro yekudzikamisa sosi pakushandiswa kwesimba uye kukanganisa kweharmonic kweimwe-chikamu induction motor-pombi kumisikidzwa yedziva rekushambira muSouth Africa. Muchirongwa ichi, imwe-phase induction motor pump yakashandiswa kutenderedza mvura mudziva rekutuhwina. Iyo pombi inopihwa ne-single-phase voltage sosi ine ruzha rwekunze, zvichiita kuti kushanda kwepombi yekupinza mota kuve kwakaderera pane zvinodiwa. Sosi yekudzikamisa sisitimu yakavakirwa kuvandudza mhando (kureva kudzikisa chikamu cheharmonic) chechiratidzo chekupinza uye kugadzirisa kushanda kwepombi yekupinza mota.
A matatu-phase, yepakati-simba yakajairwa AC mota inogona kushandiswa kubva kune imwe-chikamu, yakanyanya-yakakanganiswa uye isina kurongeka AC sosi nekushandisa diode bhiriji rectifier/boost chopper/inverter cascade. Kubatanidzwa kweboost chopper unit inoshandisa inductor yakagadzirwa neamorphous metal (Metglas) musystem inoguma nekubatana kwesimba kudivi rekupa AC, low harmonic content line currents uye kugona kwakanyanya uye kusimba kwemagetsi. Marabhoritari uye bvunzo dzemumunda zvakaratidza kuti sisitimu iyi inoita yakavimbika, inodhura-inokwikwidza uye inenge isina kugadzirisa-yemahara imwe nzira kune dzimwe sarudzo dzekutyaira, kunyanya kune ebetsero masisitimu mumagetsi locomotives uko squirrel-cage induction motors inosarudzwa semichina yekufambisa yekubatsira.
Nzira dzinogona kuitika dzekudzikisa kubuda kweGHG yeVietnam. Kunyanya kutariswa kunobhadharwa kune zvingave uye zvipingamupinyi pakuwedzera kukwidziridzwa matekinoroji; kuvandudza kushandiswa kwesimba; uye kuita matanho ekuderedza muzvikamu zvisiri zvesimba, kunyanya maindasitiri ekugadzira kurima uye masango. Chidzidzo ichi chinoenderera mberi nekuongorora zvinodiwa uye matambudziko ekugadzirisa zvinotarisirwa kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze. Pakupedzisira, bepa rinoongorora mikana yekubatana nenyika dzakavakidzana munharaunda yeMekong senzira yeVietnam kusimbisa mhinduro yayo yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kupa hutungamiri kune vamwe munharaunda yeMekong.
PEM electrolysis ndiyo inogoneka imwe nzira yekugadzira haidrojeni kubva kune inovandudzwa simba masosi. Zvishandiso zvinoverengeka zvinogoneka zvinokurukurwa, kusanganisira grid yakazvimirira uye grid yakabatsira hydrogen kugadzirwa, kushandiswa kwe electrolyzer yekuveura ndebvu, uye masisitimu akasanganiswa ese ari maviri grid akabatana uye grid akazvimirira uko electrolytically inogadzirwa haidrojeni inochengetwa uyezve kuburikidza nesero remafuta rinodzoserwa kumagetsi pazvinenge zvichidikanwa. Nyaya dzakananga maererano nekushandiswa kwePEM electrolyzer mumasisitimu esimba rinogoneka zvinogadziriswa, senge saizi ye electrolyzer, kushanda kwepakati, kudzvanywa kwekubuda, kugadzirwa kweokisijeni, kushandiswa kwemvura uye kushanda nesimba.
Suedafrika ist ein industrielles Schwellenland und kaempft mit grossen Problemen bei der finanziellen Bewaeltigung der Kosten des Gesundheitswesens. Der Einsatz eines einmotorigen Pilatus-PC-12-Ambulanzflugzeuges kana Schweizer Produktion dient dabei einer kostenguenstigen Loesung des Transportproblems von Kranken und Verletzten im suedlichen Africa. Um dies zu untermauern, untersuchten wir die Kosten dessen Einsatzes und stellen erste Ergebnisse vor. Damit soll ein Beitrag auf dem Gebiet der luftgestuetzten Rettungsmedizin geleistet werden. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: South Africa, senyika ichiri kusimukira, yakatarisana nezvinetso zvoutano zvakasiyana. Kuendeswa kweAero-Medical Service inoshanda zvakanaka asi inodhura uchishandisa injini imwe chete Pilatus PC 12 ndege iri pamberi mukuyedza kugadzirisa mamwe ematambudziko aya. Kuti tiverenge mutengo wechokwadi iyi ongororo yekutanga yakapihwa basa. Zvinotarisirwa kuti zvakabuda muongororo iyi zvichasimbisa basa reAero-Medicine munharaunda yeSouth Africa Emergency Medical Care.
Sekureva kwa du Plessis et al., nhoroondo yekudzivirira mukutengeserana inoenda kure kure seiyo yekutengesa pachayo. Pane kupokana kwakasiyana-siyana kune akawanda mabhenefiti, ayo anogona kuwanikwa kubva mukutengeserana kwemahara senge, kushanda nesimba uye magariro ekuwana. Asi, zvisinei nerubatsiro urwu, hurumende dzine nharo dzekuti sei kudzivirira kwakakodzera. mutero wekuvandudza chiyero chekubhadhara. Dzese idzi nharo dzinopa zvakakosha hupfumi hwakachengetedzwa asi hunogona kutorwa semupemhi-wako muvakidzani sezvo vari kukanganisa hupfumi husina kudzivirirwa. Zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutengeserana zvinoshandiswa nehurumende kupindira munyika dzayo kutengeserana. Zvishandiso izvi zvekutengesa zvakakamurwa kuva, mutero, zvipingamupinyi zvisiri zvemitero uye mitero yekunze uye rubatsiro. Zvose zvipingamupinyi zvemutero nezvisiri-tariff zvinoshandiswa kuvhiringa kutengeserana kweparutivi.
Nhoroondo, kukura uye kusimukira kweindasitiri yemotokari muSouth Africa kwakaumbwa nemasimba anongoerekana aitika uye nemaune mutemo. Mukati memakore gumi nemaviri ekugadzirwa kwemotokari nhatu dzaCarl Benz, uye kunyange indasitiri yemotokari isati yasimbiswa zvakasimba muBritain neUnited States, motokari yekutanga yakapinzwa muSouth African Republic. Kumwe kutengwa kunze kwenyika kwakatevera mushure mekupera kweHondo yeAnglo-Boer, asi kuomerwa kwekufambisa motokari kwekutanga kunenge kwave kwemigwagwa isina kunaka uye magedhi epapurazi zvakasanganiswa nekupikisa veruzhinji kuita kuti basa remota musub-continent rive rekuzeza. Saka mukati memakore ekutanga ezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, kutengwa kwemotokari dzemuSouth Africa kwakaramba kuchienderera mberi panguva apo kugadzirwa kwemota dzepasi rose kwakakwira zvakanyanya kubva pazvikamu zvinokwana 12 8 muna 400 kusvika pazvikamu 1900 245, izvo zvinosvika zvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvakagadzirwa ne United Sitetsi.
Iko kugona kuvandudza kweiyo 1/4 HP compressor. Uye, kuitira kuvandudza kwakanaka kweimwe chikamu induction mota, bepa iri rakakurudzira nzira yekukanda yekuvandudza iyo yekuzadza chinhu cherotor yeimwe chikamu induction mota. Kutanga, nekushandisa FEM, yakaongororwa kugoverwa kwemagineti uye kuzadza kuSPIM rotor nenzira yakajairwa uye nzira yakarongwa. Uye, zvichibva pamhedzisiro yekuongorora yeFEM, maSPIM anogadzirwa neyega yega maitiro ekukanda. Kuburikidza nemiedzo vachishandisa dynamometer, vakaenzaniswa uye kuyerwa kune kugona kwavo. Pamusoro pezvo, kuburikidza nemiedzo tichishandisa Calorimeter, takaongorora huwandu hwefiriji yecompressor yavakashandiswa. Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yezviedzo zviviri zvakapfuura, ivo vanofanirwa kuona chokwadi chenzira yakatsanangurwa.
Zvekutyaira zvidiki zvidiki zvine simba ku2.2 kw single phase motor south Africa kazhinji inoshandisa magetsi induction motors anopihwa ne1 phase yekugovera network. Kuti uite basa chairo inoda kutenderera denderedzwa kana ellipsis magineti mukati memotor. Munda unogona kugadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, nemapango ebetsero, midziyo yekubatsira kana mhepo yekubatsira. Kune yebetsero mamhepo vanoshandisa capacitor kugadzira yakanonoka waveform yesimba sosi inodiwa kutenderera kugadzirwa kwemunda. Kutenderera kumhanya kunogona kudzorwa ne frequency converter. Muchinyorwa zvinoratidzwa zvakaedzwa zvakawanikwa kumhanya-torque maitiro.
Iyo novel yekumhanyisa-sensorless vector yekudzora zano ine imwe chikamu chazvino sensor ye induction mota (IM) dhiraivha. Iyo yekumhanyisa yakatsiga mamiriro-yakavakirwa ikozvino muripo nzira inokurudzirwa kugadzirisa inofungidzirwa ikozvino muchikamu chisingayereki. Iyo IM inogona kutangwa uye kushanda zvakatsiga nechikamu chimwe chete chazvino sensor uchishandisa nzira yakarongwa. Kuenzaniswa nemaitiro akajairwa, kuvandudzwa kwesimba rekuita kunogona kuwanikwa. Iyo nzira yakatsanangurwa inosimbiswa muARM-yakavakirwa 2.2 kw single phase mota yeSouth Africa yekuyedza chikuva.
A matatu-phase, yepakati-simba yakajairwa AC mota inogona kushandiswa kubva kune imwe-chikamu, yakanyanya-yakakanganiswa uye isina kurongeka AC sosi nekushandisa diode bhiriji rectifier/boost chopper/inverter cascade. Kubatanidzwa kweboost chopper unit inoshandisa inductor yakagadzirwa neamorphous metal (Metglas) musystem inoguma nekubatana kwesimba kudivi rekupa AC, low harmonic content line currents uye kugona kwakanyanya uye kusimba kwemagetsi. Marabhoritari uye bvunzo dzemumunda zvakaratidza kuti sisitimu iyi inoita yakavimbika, inodhura-inokwikwidza uye inenge isina kugadzirisa-yemahara imwe nzira kune dzimwe sarudzo dzekutyaira, kunyanya kune ebetsero masisitimu mumagetsi locomotives uko squirrel-cage induction motors inosarudzwa semichina yekufambisa yekubatsira.
Simba rekugadzirisa zvinhu rinowanikwa mune zvekutengesa uye zvemaindasitiri zvikumbiro. Kudiwa kwekuwedzera mashandisirwo ayo kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera uye nekuderera kwezviwanikwa zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira magetsi uye kudiwa kudarika masystem edzimotokari anoshanda uye mashandisiro emagetsi zviri pamberi peEskom's Demand Side Management system. Pasi rose zvinofungidzirwa kuti chikamu che40% chemagetsi ekushandisa chinoshandiswa nemamotor uye South Africa iri pedyo ne60%. Kubva pazviverengero kune anopfuura 800,000 madziva ekutuhwina muSouth Africa, madziva ekutuhwina aya anofambiswa nemadiki madiki ebhiza simba single phase motors. Matambudziko anosanganisirwa ane induction motors akaderera kushanda zvakanaka uye kushomeka kwesimba chinhu kunyanya akaderera akayerwa mota. Chinangwa chepurojekiti iyi yaive yekugadzira simba rekugadzirisa system uye kuishandisa pane imwe chikamu induction mota yekushandisa ndeyekugara application. Iko kushandiswa kwesimba kwemota isina simba chinhu chakarekodhwa uye kuenzaniswa nesimba rechikamu chimwe chine simba rekugadzirisa zvinhu.
Kudyara mari ndiwo musimboti weindasitiri - pasina varidzi vanoda kupa mari yekugadzira, South Africa ingadai isina chikamu chemotokari. Sechinhu chakakosha munhoroondo yehupfumi hweSouth Africa, zvisinei, tsvakiridzo yemaitiro ekudyara mukati uye mukati mezvikamu zvakati zvakaregeredzwa. Iri bepa rinoongorora nhoroondo yekudyara uye kusaisa mari muindasitiri yemotokari yeSouth Africa mumakore makumi manomwe apfuura.
Nhoroondo, kukura uye kusimukira kweindasitiri yemotokari muSouth Africa kwakaumbwa nemasimba anongoerekana aitika uye nemaune mutemo. Mukati mamakore 12 ekugadzirwa kwemotokari nhatu dzaCarl Benz, uye kunyange indasitiri yemotokari isati yatangwa zvakasimba muBritain neUnited States, motokari yokutanga yakapinzwa muSouth African Republic muna January 1897. Kumwe kutengwa kunze kwenyika kwakatevera pashure pomugumo. yeAnglo-Boer War, asi kuomerwa kwekufambisa motokari kwekutanga kunenge kuine migwagwa isina kunaka uye magedhi epapurazi zvakasanganiswa nekuramba kweruzhinji kuita kuti basa remota musub-continent rive rinozeza. Saka mukati memakore ekutanga ezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, kutengwa kwemotokari dzemuSouth Africa kwakaramba kuchienderera mberi panguva apo kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzepasi rose kwakakwira zvinoshamisa kubva pazvikamu zvinokwana 8 400 muna 1900 kusvika kumayuniti 245 000, ayo angangoita zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana akagadzirwa ne United Sitetsi.
Chirongwa chemukati chemukati cheindasitiri inobatanidzwa mukuunganidzwa nekugadzira mota chakatangwa muSouth Africa muna 1961. Chirongwa chemukati chemukati imhando yemutemo yekuchengetedzwa kwemukati, iyo yakatsanangurwa se "seti yemitemo inoraira chikamu chekuisa, maererano nehuremu kana kukosha, yezvakapihwa maindasitiri izvo zvinofanirwa kuwanikwa kubva kunzvimbo dzemuno kana izvo zvinofanirwa kunge zviri zvemumba".
Iko kushandiswa kwepasirese induction muchina wekuyedza zviyero muSouth Africa (SA). Motorized masisitimu muSA anosvika makumi matanhatu muzana emagetsi ese anoshandiswa. Nguva ichangoburwa dambudziko remagetsi muSA rakawedzera kudiwa kwekufambisa kwemotokari. Iko kushandiswa kweiyo shoma simba rekuita zviyero (MEPS) kuwedzera kushanda kwemotokari kwave kujaira kutenderera pasirese. Mazhinji mota dzemagetsi muSouth Africa dzichiri kudzokororwa, pasina kufunga nezvekurasikirwa kwekugona kushanda uye kuwedzera-kunyanya kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwesimba. Mamiriro emota rewinds haana kunaka. Kuyedzwa kwehunyanzvi kuri kuenderera mberi paUniversity yeCape Town Machine Laboratory (UCTML) kuti vaongorore mabatiro ekudzoreredza kushanda kwemota muSA. Seimwe yeashoma mashoma ekuyedza marabhu, iwo emhando yesimba uye chiridzwa chechokwadi miganho inodiwa mumayero zvaive zvakaoma kuwana. Mhedzisiro yeizvi yaive zvikanganiso uye kushomeka kudzokororwa mukuyedzwa. Imwe MG-set yakashandiswa kugadzira chinopihwa chinoenderana nezviyero.
Gomba ndiko kugadzirira kwenzvimbo yekudyara. Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzegomba dziripo uye dzinobva kubva kugomba remanyorero kusvika kune rakakwana-mechani mashandiro. Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, kugadzirira kwegomba kwakawanda muSouth Africa kwaiitwa nemawoko kushandisa midziyo yekugezera yakabatwa nemaoko (gejo rekurima, mattock, pikicha yemumugwagwa) kugadzira gomba rakafara masendimita makumi maviri neshanu rine ivhu rinopfumbuka kusvika pakadzika 25-15 cm. Zvisinei, pane zvinhu zvakati zvisina kunaka zvine chokuita nekugadzirira gomba remaoko, zvakadai sekushaya ergonomics, zvinodiwa zvekushanda zvakanyanya, uye kugadzirira kwegomba kusingaenderani. Izvi zvakonzera kufarira kuri kuwedzera mukuita semi- kusvika kuzere-mechanised, uko semi-mechanised mota-manual pitting nzira dzinowanzo onekwa sehunoshanda uye inodhura-inoshanda pane echinyakare mashandiro emaoko. Ichi chidzidzo chakaenzanisa kushanda kweeucalypts akadyarwa mumakomba akagadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana dzegomba. Miedzo miviri yakatangwa nemaeucalypt panzvimbo dzakasiyana, imwe kuGreenhill kuKwaZulu-Natal Midlands uye imwe kuVroegeveld, Mpumalanga.
Iko kugona kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi eFD akaiswa kune maairconditioner ezvitima zvinofambiswa nedeluxeelectrically kuti zvigadziriswe mune ramangwana inokurukurwa. Matanho ekuita chirongwa ichi anokurudzirwa; uye nzira yekuverenga yekutanga uye yekushanda kugona kweimwe-phasecapacitance mota yakadzidzwa nekusimbisa, Zvinoratidzwa kuti zvakaverengerwa mhedzisiro inobvumirana zvakanaka nekudzidzira.
Kubudiswa imotokari yechikamu chimwe chete chinosanganisira stator, rotor yakashandurwa kutenderera kana simba remagetsi rinoshandiswa kune stator, magineti akafanana nemhete akabatanidzwa kune rotor kutenderera pamwe chete ne rotor; magineti yekupaka yekumisa rotor mukati menzvimbo inobudirira yekugadzira torque nesimba remagineti rinoitwa pakati pemagineti yakaita serin'i uye magineti yekumisa pakabhura rotor, uye sensor unit yekuona mutsauko mukusimba kwesimba remagineti rinogadzirwa kutenderera. iyo magineti yakaita mhete panguva yekutenderera kwe rotor, nokudaro ichinzwa nzvimbo uye kumhanya kwe rotor. Zvinoenderana neichi chigadziriso, iyo yekuwedzera mudziyo inoshandiswa kune yekutanga kutyaira uye mashandiro anotevera emota anogona kunge ari nyore uye asingadhure. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pane mukana wekuti mota ine inokwidziridzwa yekushandisa.
