Parizvino, anonyanya kutumirwa otomatiki pamusika ndiwo anonyanya kutevedzera mana anotevera: 1. AT gearbox, inozivikanwa se hydraulic otomatiki gearbox, ndiyo yakanyanya otomatiki mhando yegiya bhokisi yatakasangana nayo. Kubva ku4AT gearbox yatakabata mumazuva ekutanga, dzimwe mota dzakashongedzerwa 9AT gearbox, AT gearbox Zvakanakira zviri pachena, iro simba "rakanyanya kunanga", izvo zvisingabatsiri zvinonyanya kuoneka, pfungwa yekushungurudzika panguva yekumhanyisa, uye iyo kushandiswa kwemafuta kwakati wandei. 2, CVT gearbox, inozivikanwa semakanika nhanho otomatiki giya bhokisi, inonyanya kumiririrwa nemota dzeJapan, Honda neNissan modhi dzinonyanya kushandisa CVT gearbox. Hunhu hweCVT gearbox huri pachena. Nemhaka yokuti giya reshiyo haisi nzvimbo inopera, asi nhevedzano yehutsika hunoramba huripo, kutasva kwekuita kwakanaka kwazvo, uye hupfumi hwemafuta hunove hwakakurumbira, asi zvisingabatsiri zviri pachena, kureva, nguva yesimba. Iyo inobuda haina kuputika uye ine hunyoro.
3, AMT giya bhokisi, kupfupikiswa kwemagetsi anodzorwa otomatiki giya bhokisi, AMT giya bhokisi ndeyekukanganisa pakati peMT gearbox neAT gearbox. Chakanakira ndechekuti mutengo wekugadzira wakadzikira, uye mashandiro acho ari nyore kupfuura giya bhokisi. Nekudaro, izvo zvikanganiso zveAMT gearbox zvakanyanya kusimba. Zviri nyore kuva nepfungwa yakasimba yekuvhiringidzika kana uchishanda zvisina kunaka, izvo zvinonyanya kukanganisa nyaradzo. Zvakare, kune mashoma mamodheru akashongedzerwa neAMT gearboxes pamusika.
4, dual clutch transmission inonzi DCT, double clutch sezita rinoratidza kushandisa seti mbiri dzeclutch, kuburikidza nekudyidzana kwemaseti maviri emaclutch kuti isvike pamhedzisiro yekusachinja-chinja, uye yakakamurwa kuita yakaoma kaviri clutch, uye kunyorova kaviri clutch, kaviri clutch Iyo dhizaini ine kukurumidza kushandura kukurumidza, kuderera kwesimba kudiki panguva yekuchinja, uye yakanaka hupfumi hwemafuta kuita. Izvo zvakashata zveiyo mbiri-clutch giya bhokisi zviri pachena, uye kugadzikana kwemhando ndiyo hombe dhizaini yembiri mbiri clutch.
Iyo gearbox ndiyo chaiyo giya rinotaurwa mumotokari dzedu dzevanhu. Nheyo yekushanda kwayo yakanyanya kuoma. Musimboti wegiya bhokisi: Kubva pakuvandudzwa kwegiya bhokisi, kwave negwara rekuchinja giya uye otomatiki giya rekuchinja dhizaini. Pakati pavo, giya regiya rekuzvifambisa rakagadzira isina nhanho yekuchinja sisitimu kana yemanyorero ekuchinja system. Nekudaro, ese ane basa rakafanana: (1) Simba rekubuda reinjini yekufambisa (2) inogona kushandura musanganiswa wemagiya kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana.
Zvino ngatitarisei chimiro cheiyo handgrip gearbox: iyo gearbox yekuisa shaft inopfuura nepakati peclutch, uye iyo gearbox yekuisa shaft yakabatana kune crankshaft yeinjini. Basa rayo nderekuisa simba reinjini. Iyo gearbox inobuda shaft giya bhokisi rekubuda shaft yakabatana zvakananga kune kufambisa kwemotokari yemagetsi kubuda. Iyo giya michina Iyi ibasa reiyo yese gearbox. Ndiyo nzvimbo yemagiya akasiyana. Iyo gearbox mashandiro anowanikwa nemasanganiswa akasiyana. Chinangwa che synchronizer synchronizer ndechekubatsira magiya anochinja kuti apinde munzvimbo uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchinja kwakanaka kwegiya bhokisi. Muchokwadi, iyo gearbox ndeye yakanyanya-chaiyo uye yakaoma muchina. Kusvika nhasi, vazhinji vevagadziri vemotokari havagadziri mabhokisi egiya ivo pachavo. Pamwe hauzvitendi, asi vagadziri vemotokari ava vanopihwa kumakambani ane hunyanzvi hwekugadzira giyabhokisi. Kugadzirwa, kungave mutsara wemaoko, kuzviburitsa, kana bhokisi regiya remaoko, kune makambani anozivikanwa mukambani iyi, akadai seGerman inozivikanwa pasi rose ZF, M-Benz yese-mota system inotora shanduko yekambani. box. Clutch clutches midziyo inobata kana kubvisa kutapurirana kwemagetsi. Iyo hand-giya yekufambisa inoshandisa "friction disc clutch" inoshandisa friction ye friction plate kugadzira torque kufambisa simba.
Iyo dhizaini yekufambisa ndiyo yakajairika uye yekare gearbox. Iine hunhu hwechimiro chakareruka, mutengo wakaderera, hukuru hwekutapurirana uye kuvimbika kwakanyanya. Kunyange zvazvo yakaoma kushanda, ichiri kufarirwa nevatengi vanoda kuidzora. The Chinyorwa hutachiwana ane mukana mukuru hutachiwana kunyatsoshanda, asi zvakanakira ayo chete inobva mutyairi zvakanaka kutyaira unyanzvi. Kana mutyairi asina hunyanzvi hwekutyaira, iyo Chinyorwa kutapurirana inogona kunge isingaite mafuta ekufambisa sezvinoita otomatiki hutachiwana.
akajairwa otomatiki giya bhokisi Iyo yakajairwa otomatiki kutapurirana imhando yekufambisa inowanzoshandiswa mune otomatiki transmissions parizvino, uye chidimbu chayo AT chinenge chakafanana neatomatiki kutapurirana. Kuenzaniswa negiya remanyorero, iyo yakajairwa otomatiki kutapurirana yakasiyana zvakanyanya muchimiro uye kushandiswa. Iyo yakajairwa otomatiki kutapurirana inozadzisa chinangwa chekuchinja nenzira ye hydraulic transmission uye giya musanganiswa. Kune mutyairi, zvinongodiwa kutsika pedal nemasimba akasiyana, uye giya bhokisi rinogona kusimudza nekudzikisa giya.
Maoiri egiya reindasitiri nemafuta ekutakurisa ane akawanda akasiyana mamiriro ekushanda. Kazhinji, maoiri egiya remaindasitiri ari kudiwa zvakanyanya kupfuura mafuta ekufambisa, saka maoiri egiya remaindasitiri ari kudiwa kupfuura mafuta ekufambisa mune zvakawanda zvinodiwa pakuita: 1. Mafuta egiya reindasitiri anogutsa kuzora kwezvikamu ne torque hombe, uye bhokisi regiya rinowanzova nezvakaderera zvinodiwa. pane yakanyanya kudzvinyirira kuita; 2. Iyo inorwisa-emulsification kuita kwemafuta egiya reindasitiri yakasimba kupfuura yemafuta ekuparadzira. Mvura shoma shoma haizokanganisa kushandiswa kwemafuta egiya reindasitiri. Mafuta ekufambisa haashande. Nhamba shoma yemvura ichaita emulsify uye kuderedza mafuta ekuzora. 3. Izvo zvinodzivirira kupupa uye kupatsanurwa kwemhepo zvinodiwa zvemafuta egiya reindasitiri zvakakwirirawo kupfuura zvemafuta ekutakurisa;
Sei paine mashoma mashoma ekutamisa otomatiki atakagadzira takazvimirira? 1. Michina yepamusoro! Ese patents ekutumira otomatiki anodzorwa nehofori dzakaita seAisin, ZF, BorgWarner uye Gycott, uye zvakanyanya kuoma kuputsa zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi. Kune AT, DCT, CVT, AMT, nezvimwewo muchimiro che otomatiki transmission light products. Kunyangwe iwe uchinyanya kuita chimwe chazvo, misiyano yezvimiro yakakura kwazvo. Semuenzaniso, DCT ine mutsauko wekuoma uye kunyorova, uye mota inofambiswa nesimba re hydraulic. Iyo forogo ichiri kushandiswa kushandura chigubhu, kuronga magiya uye zvichingodaro. Uye zvakare, kuvandudzwa kwemagiya mabhokisi hakudi chete tekinoroji yekugadzira, asi zvakare inoda huwandu hukuru hwe data kugadzirisa chigadzirwa chine musoro, asi chikamu ichi che data chinoda nguva yakawanda kuunganidza.
2. Mutengo wepamusoro! Iko kudyara uye kubuda kwekusimudzira kweiyo gearbox haina kuenzana. Mamwe mafekitori makuru ane zvidiki zvinobuda uye akawanda mamodheru zvakatokonzera kubhuroka. Kunyangwe kambani hombe yakaita seChery kana Geely inogara ichiwana nekuronga patsva nekuda kwedambudziko remagiya mabhokisi.
3. High market risk! Kutenderera kutenderera kweotomatiki kutapurirana hakuna kuenzana nehupenyu hwayo. Otomatiki magiya mabhokisi anofanirwa kuvandudzwa zvakare aine yakazara seti yehardware uye software yekuwedzera giya. Kana ukasabatisisa gwara padanho rekutanga reprojekiti, mushure menguva refu yekusimudzira, kunyangwe chigadzirwa chikabuda, chinogona kunge charasa kukwikwidza mumusika unogara uchichinja. Mukuwedzera, bhokisi regiya chikamu chinofamba muviri wose. Jitter, kushandura, kunamatira, kusvetuka, kurembera, nezvimwewo zvinogona kunge zvakangodaro nekuti kuenzaniswa kwedata hakuna kukura, asi mhedzisiro yacho yakakomba, senge kuparara kwechangobva kuitika kweGS4 kuri kumanikidzwa Iyo yapfuura 7-kumhanya yakaoma. dual clutch yakatsiviwa neyazvino 6AT gearbox.
Nekudaro, kuvimba nehunyanzvi hwekunze kana kupinza kunze kune njodzi. Kare, apo mhando dzakazvimiririra dzakaita seJianghuai, Chang'an, Great Wall neChuanqi dzaitenga otomatiki kubva kumakambani emarudzi akawanda, vese vaitambura "kuwedzera kwemitengo" uye "zvishoma", zvichikonzera kuburitswa kwezita rekugamuchira. modhi i "kadhi mutsipa". Mune ino passive mamiriro, mamwe mabhizinesi akazopedzisira apinda munzira yekutsvagisa nekuvandudza otomatiki transmissions.
Iyo mota yemagetsi inodzorwa nemagetsi otomatiki transmission AMT system ine yemagetsi inodzorwa hydraulic inoshanda sisitimu pane yakajairwa bhuku rekufambisa uye clutch kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuchinja otomatiki zvinzvimbo. Muchokwadi, iyo dhizaini yekutumira, kureva, yekutanga mechanical transmission (MT), ine microcomputer-inodzorwa otomatiki control system kuti ichinje yekutanga bhuku rekushandisa system. Naizvozvo, AMT ichokwadi robhoti system yekupedzisa zviito zviviri zvekushandisa clutch uye kusarudzwa kwegiya. Iyo yakakosha tekinoroji ndiyo microcomputer system. Iyo yemagetsi tekinoroji uye mhando ichanyatso tarisa mashandiro uye mashandiro emhando yeAMT. Mota yeAMT haichada clutch pedal, uye mutyairi anogona kutanga uye kutyaira mota zviri nyore nekungotsika pane accelerator pedal.
Mota yeAMT iri nyore kutyaira, mutyairi anongoda kutsika gasi pedal, uye iyo AMT system inozozvisarudzira yakanakisa nguva yekuchinja magiya, nekudaro ichibvisa kushandiswa kusiri kweinjini, clutch negiya bhokisi, kudzivirira giya risiri iro. , izvo zvitsva kumutyairi. Uye kuvimbika kwemotokari kunokosha zvikuru. Iyo Mechanical Automatic Transmission (AMT) imhando nyowani yekutapurirana iyo nemagetsi inodzora yakajairwa yakaoma clutch uye manyorero giya rekufambisa kuti uwane otomatiki kuchinja. Iyo yekudzora maitiro ndeyekufananidza mashandiro emutyairi.
Kunyangwe iri AcMT kana AMT, inonatsiridza kutyaira pasi pemamiriro ekuchengetedza hunyanzvi hwekutanga kufambisa kwemanyorero, izvo zvinoita kuti yekutanga dhizaini yekufambisa iwedzere kukosha. Kunyangwe shanduko yekuchinja yezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano ichiri yakaderera kune yechinyakare otomatiki transmission (AT), iko kutapurirana kwayo kwakafanana neiyo yeMT, iyo inodarika 7% yakakwirira kupfuura yakajairwa otomatiki kutapurirana, uye mutengo wekugadzira imakumi matatu. % yakaderera pane AT.
Nekuda kwemabhenefiti aya, AMT yasimuka mumusika weEurope kubva pakati pe-1990s. Muna 2000, yakatanga kupararira kuUnited States neJapan. Vamwe vagadziri vemotokari vakaita seEaton, GM, neJapan vakatanga kuisa mari mukuvandudza zvigadzirwa. 1995 isati yasvika, iyo otomatiki kutapurirana yaingowanikwa yeAT neCVT. Ikozvino kune dzimwe sarudzo dzeAcMT neAMT, uye mwero wekukura weAMT wapfuura CVT. Zvinotarisirwa kuti zvigadzirwa zveAMT zvichazvidavirira kumusika weEuropean transmission panosvika 2010. Kusvika ku25% chikamu chemusika.
Iyo yakajairika AMT inosanganisira anotevera marudzi: Auto-clutch Manual Transmission (AcMT), Single Clutch Automated Manual Transmission (AMT), uye Dual Clutch Automatic Transmission (Dual Clutch). Automated Manual Transmission (DCT) inonyanya kufanana shaft giya yekuchinja chimiro, iyo ine maficha akafanana mukugadzira tekinoroji kana tekinoroji yekugadzira.
Mumakore ekuma1980, nekuda kwekukurumidza kusimudzira kweindasitiri yemagetsi, tekinoroji yeclutch automation tekinoroji yekufambisa kwemanyorero yakafambira mberi. Pakazosvika makore ekuma1990, kwaive nemota dzinoverengeka dzine manyorerwo ekufambisa dzichishandisa otomatiki clutches.
Kune mota, injini uye giya bhokisi ndizvo zvakakoshesesa zvikamu zvepakati. Kana iyo yazvino inozvimiririra yemhando injini ine imwe inotsiva yemhando dzekunze, ipapo iyo giya bhokisi chikamu chimwe chiitiko: akawanda uye akawanda otomatiki mota, asi China haina kukwanisa kuzvimiririra kugadzira kugadzira uye musika mashandisirwo mune otomatiki kutumira. Kuwana budiriro yemhando yepamusoro, ingangoita makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu muzana emotokari dzinopfuura miriyoni gumi dzinotengeswa neChina gore rega rega dzine maotomatiki emhando yekunze.
Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti iyo otomatiki kutapurirana pasina mubvunzo ndiyo yakakura "kurwadziwa" kweChinese auto indasitiri. Inofanira kudzidza kubva mukugadzirwa nekugadzirwa kwemotokari itsva dzesimba.
Zvinonzwisiswa kuti yakajairika otomatiki kutapurirana inogona kukamurwa kuita: hydraulic otomatiki transmission (AT), mechanical stepless automatic transmission (CVT), electronically controlled mechanical automatic transmission (AMT) uye dual clutch automatic transmission (DCT). Kuenzaniswa negiya remanyorero, mota otomatiki iri nyore kutyaira uye yakasununguka kugara pairi. Panguva imwecheteyo, injini yepamberi uye otomatiki yekufambisa musanganiswa ine yakakwira mafuta ehupfumi. MuEurope neUnited States, kunyange marori anorema zvikuru anowanzova ane otomatiki.
China ndiyo musika mukuru wemotokari pasi rose. Muna 2015, kugadzirwa kwemotokari nekutengesa kweChina kwakapfuura mamirioni makumi maviri nemana. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ikozvino otomatiki transmission account inosvika hafu yenyika yose yekutengeswa kwemotokari pagore, uye kutapurirana kwemotokari dzinopfuura miriyoni gumi otomatiki dzinongotapurirana dzinenge dzatorwa nemakambani emarudzi akawanda akadai seJapan Aisin, ZF, neBorgWarner, kana Yakagadzirwa. munyika muno nokuda kwekudyara kunze kwenyika, kana kutengwa kunze kwenyika chete. Iyo yemukati auto-kutapurirana simba ingori 24 mayunitsi.
"Kutapurirana otomatiki ndiyo inorwadza zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemotokari yeChinese."Nyanzvi dzakati nekuda kwekudyara kukuru muR&D yakazvimiririra, inononoka mhedzisiro uye njodzi yakanyanya, makambani mazhinji emotokari epamba akasarudza nzira ye "realism", ndiko kuti, kutengwa kwemhando dzekunze dzakagadzirwa otomatiki. Iyo gearbox yave inotsamira kune dzimwe nyika uye yakazvisiya kwenguva yakareba. Kuti izvi zviitike, China inofanirwa kushandisa 30 kusvika 50 bhiriyoni yuan pagore kuunza otomatiki transmissions.
MuChina, kune makambani mashoma agara achisimbirira pakuzvigadzira otomatiki kutumira. Mushure memakore akati wandei ekutevedzera, makambani akati wandei akagadzira uye kugadzira otomatiki kutumira, asi kushaikwa kwekuzivikanwa kwemhando uye kushomeka kwemukurumbira wekugadzikana kwechigadzirwa kwakonzera huwandu hushoma hwekurodha, zvichiita kuti zviome kumabhizinesi kuwedzera chiyero chavo, kuderedza mitengo, uye kuvandudza tekinoroji yavo. Kupinda mudambudziko.
Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa otomatiki kutapurirana iAT, iyo yakakura mune tekinoroji, yakagadzikana mukushanda uye nekukurumidza mukusimudzira. Makore mashoma apfuura, pakanga paine nhamba huru ye4AT mota dzevatakuri pamusika weChina. Iye zvino Jeep Yemahara Chiedza, Land Rover Aurora, Mercedes-Benz E-Kirasi nedzimwe mota dzakashongedzerwa ne9AT. Kunyangwe kudiwa kwemusika kuri kukuru, kune mashoma emudzimba emota uye echikamu makambani anozvimiririra kugadzira akadai otomatiki ekufambisa.
Sekureva kwevari mukati meindasitiri, chikonzero chakakosha ndechekuti hofori dzepasi rose dzinobata ese matende eAT tekinoroji, uye zvakaoma kuti makambani eChinese akurumidze kubva pazvipingamupinyi zvepatent.
Vanhu vazhinji vanotenda kuti munguva yekudyidzana kwepasirese, makambani makuru emotokari epasirese ari kutsvaga pasi rose, uye makambani ekuChina haafanirwe kuita nhamburiko huru yekuzvimiririra kugadzira matekinoroji akadai sekutumira otomatiki, uye zvinodhura zvakanyanya kutenga nekubatanidza zvigadzirwa zvepasi rose. Zvakare, iko zvino China iri kusimudzira zvine simba mota nyowani dzemagetsi, China inogona kutosiya tsvakiridzo yayo nekuvandudza tekinoroji yekutapurirana kwemotokari dzemafuta.
Maoiri egiya reindasitiri nemafuta ekutakurisa ane akawanda akasiyana mamiriro ekushanda. Kazhinji, maoiri egiya remaindasitiri ari kudiwa kupfuura mafuta ekufambisa, saka maoiri egiya remaindasitiri ari kudiwa kupfuura mafuta ekufambisa mune zvakawanda zvinodiwa zvekuita:
1. Mafuta egiya reindasitiri anogutsa kudzorwa kwezvikamu zvine torque hombe, uye giya bhokisi rinowanzova nezvinodiwa zvakaderera pane yakanyanya kudzvanywa kuita; 2. Iyo inorwisa-emulsification kuita kwemafuta egiya reindasitiri yakasimba kupfuura yemafuta ekuparadzira. Mvura shoma shoma haizokanganisa kushandiswa kwemafuta egiya reindasitiri. Mafuta ekufambisa haashande. Nhamba shoma yemvura ichaita emulsify uye kuderedza mafuta ekuzora. 3. Izvo zvinodzivirira kupupa uye kupatsanurwa kwemhepo zvinodiwa zvemafuta egiya reindasitiri zvakakwirirawo kupfuura zvemafuta ekutakurisa;
4, dzimwe nzira mbiri dzekuzora mafuta dzakasiyanawo, giya bhokisi rinowanzo kunyudzwa, mafuta egiya reindasitiri anowanzo shandisa mafuta epakati pepakati, pachave nepombi yakakosha yemafuta, pombi, mudziyo wekuchenesa unotsigira kushandiswa.
5. Nzira dzekutumidza mazita emamwe mafuta maviri akasiyana zvakare.
Maoiri egiya reindasitiri nemafuta ekutakurisa ane akawanda akasiyana mamiriro ekushanda. Kazhinji, maoiri egiya remaindasitiri ari kudiwa kupfuura mafuta ekufambisa, saka maoiri egiya remaindasitiri ari kudiwa kupfuura mafuta ekufambisa mune zvakawanda zvinodiwa zvekuita:
1. Mafuta egiya reindasitiri anogutsa kudzorwa kwezvikamu zvine torque hombe, uye giya bhokisi rinowanzova nezvinodiwa zvakaderera pane yakanyanya kudzvanywa kuita;
2. Iyo inorwisa-emulsification kuita kwemafuta egiya reindasitiri yakasimba kupfuura yemafuta ekuparadzira. Mvura shoma shoma haizokanganisa kushandiswa kwemafuta egiya reindasitiri. Mafuta ekufambisa haashande. Nhamba shoma yemvura ichaita emulsify uye kuderedza mafuta ekuzora.
3. Izvo zvinodzivirira kupupa uye kupatsanurwa kwemhepo zvinodiwa zvemafuta egiya reindasitiri zvakakwirirawo kupfuura zvemafuta ekutakurisa;
4, dzimwe nzira mbiri dzekuzora mafuta dzakasiyanawo, giya bhokisi rinowanzo kunyudzwa, mafuta egiya reindasitiri anowanzo shandisa mafuta epakati pepakati, pachave nepombi yakakosha yemafuta, pombi, mudziyo wekuchenesa unotsigira kushandiswa.
5. Nzira dzekutumidza mazita emamwe mafuta maviri akasiyana zvakare.
Iyo gearbox inoita basa rakakosha muchitima chemotokari. Kuitwa kwegungano uye chikamu chemhando inoda kuongororwa neNVH yebhenji rekuyedza kana mutsara usiri pamutsara, kuitira kuti uwane zvikanganiso uye upe nhungamiro yekugadzira uye kusangana kwezvikamu zvekutumira.
Iyo AMT gearbox ndeye MT gearbox ine "magetsi anodzorwa clutch". Sezvo iri MT gearbox, hongu, inofanirwa kuwedzera MT gearbox mafuta. Naizvozvo, zvinokwanisika kuwedzera MT (manual) kutapurirana mafuta. Basa re "manual transmission oil" ndiro "lubrication". Naizvozvo, viscosity uye kupisa attenuation ye "gearbox" oiri inodiwa, uye viscosity yakakwira zvakakwana kuputira zvikamu. Uye inogona kuchengetedza yakaringana mafuta firimu ukobvu kudzivirira zvirinani zvikamu kubva mukukuvara.
“Magiyabhokisi akaiswa muzvikamu zvinotevera: transmission manual, automatic manual transmission, CVT inoramba ichichinja transmission/CVT gearbox ine giya, dual clutch transmission, AMT nesequential gearbox. Semuyenzaniso, iwe uri mumaparamita / Kugadziridza peji kuti uone, "6-kumhanya ruoko-yakabatanidzwa" iyi parameter inoreva: Iyi modhi ndeye yakajairika otomatiki giya bhokisi rine manual control gear basa, kune 6 giya. Kana iwe ukaona "7-kumhanya CVT "Izvi zvinoreva kuti giya bhokisi chimiro CV"
