Kubva pane tekinoroji yekuvaka uye otomatiki michina yevagadziri uye makambani ekuvaka, kusvika kune yekufungidzira uye yekuongorora masisitimu ezvipatara, uye mota dzemagetsi zvemaindasitiri uye nharembozha, Siemens inoratidzika kunge iri kwese kwese.Kubva pakuvambwa kwayo makore anopfuura 150 apfuura, Siemens yakakura ikava imwe ye vanogadzira michina yemagetsi inotungamira pasi rose.
Imwe yevagadziri vakasiyana-siyana pasi rose uye vanopa mhinduro, yakapinda muindasitiri yemotokari muna 1970 uye kubvira yakagadzira tsika yakakurumbira yekugadzira mamwe emagetsi akavimbika uye akasimba pamusika wepasi rose. mota dzinoisa miitiro mitsva yekunyanyisa kuita uye kusimba.
Iine nhoroondo yemakore anopfuura zana nemakumi matatu ehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji, ABB yave mutungamiri wepasi rose mune zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, maindasitiri otomatiki uye magetsi magidhi, marobhoti uye mitambo.
Nippon power inotungamira kuJapan kugadzira mota dzemagetsi uye midziyo yekudzora yezvigadzirwa zveindasitiri, zvemumba uye zvevatengi. Yakapedzwa kutorwa kwakaziviswa kwakamboziviswa kweEmerson electric co. Bhizinesi rekugadzira magetsi, mota uye kutyaira. Bhizinesi rakawanikwa rine hwaro hwakasimba hwebhizinesi, mhando yakasimba uye yakanaka vatengi base, kunyanya kuchamhembe. United States neEurope. Yakabvumiranawo kuumba mubatanidzwa nePSA boka, mugadziri wemota dzeFrance, uye anodyara $261m kugadzira mota muFrance yekutengesa kwepasirese neyepamba.
Rockwell automation yakavambwa muna 1903 neinvestment ye$1000.Kubva ipapo, vatengesi vekuAmerican industrial automation varatidza kuva muenzaniso wakabudirira wekuva mumwe wevatungamiriri vepasi rose mukugadzira tekinoroji.Mumakore gumi apfuura, mari yayo mukudyidzana kwepasi rose uye tekinoroji yakagonesa. kuti iwedzere musika wayo wainoda kusvika kudarika $90 bhiriyoni
AMETEK isangano repasi rose rakazvipira kupa mhinduro dzakakosha kune vatengi vedu zvakanyanya kuomesesa kuburikidza neyakasiyana tekinoroji hunyanzvi.Inotungamirwa muKent, Ohio, Atimek's affiliate Atimek advanced motion solutions (AMS) inopa dc mota, controller/vatyairi, mafeni, pombi. , mafuridziro anodzorwa nemazvo, uye masisitimu einjiniya ane mutsara.
Regal Beloit isimba repasi rose rinoshanda nesimba, rinoshanda mota uye simba rekufambisa sisitimu ine nhoroondo yekubudirira nekuendesa zvigadzirwa zvepasi rose nemasevhisi uko vatengi vanozvida.Its Genteq brand yedc motors inogona kuwanikwa mune dzinenge dzese imba air-conditioning transmission. zvishandiso muUnited States, uye mota dzayo dzeMarathon, Leeson uye GE brand mota dzekutengesa dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya.
Neanopfuura makore makumi mashanu eruzivo mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeindasitiri verticals nemabhizinesi, boka raJohnson rave mutungamiri wepasi rose mumamotor, motion subsystems, actuators uye zvine chekuita ne electromechanical components.Application-specific technology and technology leadership ndiwo madhiraivha akakosha akaita Johnson. mutungamiriri wepasi rose muindasitiri yayo.Johnson inopa yakakura seti yeinjiniya magetsi uye mafambiro masisitimu anowanikwa pamusika nhasi, uye masisitimu aya anogona kugadzirwa kuti aite kugadzirwa kwakawanda kana kuitirwa munhu kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvemadhipatimendi ane hunyanzvi uye vatengi vakakosha.
Kubva kukambani diki yekugadzira mota kuenda kune imwe yepasirese inotungamira vatengesi vemafuta uye mvura yekuunza masisitimu uye zvikamu, franklin electric ine hukasha uye yakawedzera kuwedzera kwaita kuti ive imwe yeakanakisa anogadzira mota munyika. , maindasitiri, ezvekurima, emanisipala nemafuta emafuta.
Allied Motion inotungamira mugadziri we precision Motion control zvigadzirwa nemhinduro, inozivikanwa neruzivo rwayo rwemagetsi, mechanic uye emagetsi Motion tekinoroji.Iyo kambani yekukura nzira yakanangana nekuva mutungamiri mumisika yayo yakasarudzwa, kuwedzera hunyanzvi hwayo kuvandudza mitambo chaiyo. mhinduro dzinokwidziridza dzakasiyana siyana dzakasanganiswa matekinoroji emitambo kugadzira yakakwirira kukosha mhinduro kune vatengi vayo.
Kutungamira kurukova
Iyo dc jenareta inoshanda nekutora iyo inokamuranisa simba rinosanganisa remagetsi mune yemaoko coil,
Ichishandisa commutator uye brashi inochinja chiito, inoshanduka kubva pamugumo webrashi kuenda kuDC magetsi emagetsi.
Iko kunongedzwa kwesimba rinosungirwa remagetsi rinotemerwa zvinoenderana nemutemo wekurudyi ruoko (iyo yemagineti induction tambo inonongedza kuchanza, chigunwe chinongedzera kunongedzo kwekondakita kufamba, uye mimwe mimwe minwe inonongedzera kunongedzo yesimba rinokonzereswa remagetsi mukati conductor).
Ikushanda kwemashoko e
Iwo mafambiro esimba pane conductor anosarudzwa nemutemo wekuruboshwe.Aya maviri emagetsi emagetsi anogadzira torque pane ruoko, inonzi iyo magetsi emagetsi mumotokari inotenderera, inoenderana nekufamba kwewachiyero kuyedza kutenderedza ruoko rwemberi kuenda kurudyi.Kana iyo electromagnetic torque ikakunda iyo yekudzivirira torque pachombo (senge yekukweshera kuramba torque uye imwe mutoro torque), chombo chinokwanisa kutenderedza zvinoenda kurudyi.
Dc mota ndiyo mota inomhanya pane dc inoshanda voltage, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muredhiyo rekodhi, vhidhiyo rekodhi, DVD player, shaver yemagetsi, bvudzi rekuomesa, wachi yemagetsi, matoyi nezvimwewo.
Electromagnetic dc mota inoumbwa ne stator magnetic pole, rotor (armature), commutator (inowanzozivikanwa se commutator), bhurashi, imba, kubereka, nezvimwe.
Iyo stator magineti pole (main magineti pole) ye electromagnetic dc mota inoumbwa nepakati uye inonakidza mhepo.Zvinoenderana nenzira dzakasiyana dzekunakidzwa (dzinonzi excitation mune yekare chiyero), inogona kukamurwa kuita akateedzana dc mota, parallel dc mota, yekuwedzera dc mota uye kompani dc mota.Nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzekukurudzira, iyo stator magineti flux (inogadzirwa neiyo excitation coil ye stator magineti pole) inewo mitemo yakasiyana.
Iyo yekunakisa mhepo ye serial-inofadza dc mota iri munhevedzano ine rotor inomonereka nepakati pebhurashi uye commutator. The excitation current yakanyatsoenderana nearature current. Iyo stator magineti flux inowedzera nekuwedzera kweiyo excitation ikozvino.Yayo yekutanga torque inogona kusvika kupfuura 5 nguva yeiyo yakayerwa torque, nguva pfupi yakawandisa torque inogona kusvika kupfuura 4 nguva dzeiyo yakayerwa torque, kukurumidza kuchinja kweyero yakakura, hapana-mutoro wekumhanya wakakwira zvakanyanya (kazhinji haibvumidzwe kumhanya pasi pe -load).Yekumhanyisa regulation inogona kuitika nekushandisa yekunze resistor munhevedzano (kana parallel) ine akateedzana ronda kana neyakafanana yekubatanidza yemaronda akateedzana.
Iyo yekunakisa mhepo ye shunt dc mota inofananidzwa neiyo rotor mhepo, uye iko iko kunakidzwa kwayo kunoramba kuripo. Iyo yekutanga torque yakanangana neiyo armature ikozvino, uye yekutanga ikozvino inenge 2.5 nguva yeyakayerwa ikozvino.Iyo yekumhanyisa inodzikira zvishoma nekuwedzera kweazvino uye torque, uye torque yenguva pfupi yakawandisa ndeye 1.5 nguva dzeiyo yakayerwa torque.Shanduko yekumhanya yekutenderera idiki, kubva pa5% kusvika ku15%.Iyo yekumhanyisa inogona kugadziridzwa nesimba risingaperi reiyo attenuated magnetic field.
Iyo yekuwedzeredza mhepo ye shunt dc mota inopihwa neyakazvimiririra excitation sosi, uye iyo excitation ikozvino inogara iripo. Iyo yekutanga torque inoenderana neiyo armature ikozvino.Speed kuchinja zvakare 5% ~ 15%.Iyo inotenderera inomhanya inogona kuwedzerwa nekuderedza simba risingaperi remagineti kana kuderedzwa nekudzikisa voltage ye rotor windings.
Pamusoro peiyo shunt winding, iyo stator pole yemukomboni dc mota inoshongedzerwawo neyakatevedzana inomonereka munhevedzano ine rotor mhepo (iyo ine nhamba shoma yekutendeuka).Iyo nzira yemagnetic flux inogadzirwa nenhevedzano inotenderera yakafanana neyeiyo huru inomonereka. Iyo yekutanga torque ingangoita 4 nguva dzeiyo yakayerwa torque, uye ipfupi-nguva yekuremedza torque ingangoita 3.5 nguva dzeiyo yakayerwa torque.Iyo yekumhanyisa shanduko mwero ndeye 25% ~ 30% (inoenderana neyakatevedzana mhepo).Iko kumhanya kunogona kugadziriswa nekuderedza simba remagineti.
Commutator commutator plate inoshandisa sirivheri mhangura, cadmium mhangura uye zvimwe zvinhu zvealloy, ine yakakwira simba kuumbwa kwepurasitiki.Iyo bhurashi iri mukutsvedza yakabatana neye commutator kuti ipe armature ikozvino kune rotor windings.Iyo yemagetsi bhurashi ye electromagnetic dc mota inowanzo SHANDISA simbi graphite bhurashi kana electrochemical graphite bhurasho.Mwoyo werotor wakagadzirwa nesilicon simbi mapepa, kazhinji gumi nemaviri slots, akaiswa gumi nemaviri seti ezvombo zvemhepo. Mushure mekutevedzana kwekubatanidza pakati pema windings, iyo rotor yakabatana ne 12 zvidimbu zve commutator zvidimbu zvakateerana.
Iyo yekunakidzwa modhi yedc mota inoreva dambudziko rekupa simba kune inosimudzira mhepo, kuburitsa iyo excitation flux inogona uye kumisikidza iyo huru magineti.Zvinoenderana neakasiyana ekusimudzira modhi, dc mota inogona kukamurwa kuita anotevera marudzi.
Iyo yekumhanyisa mhepo haina chinongedzo neiyo armature winding, uye iyo dc mota inopihwa nemamwe magetsi emagetsi eDC kune iyo mafambiro emhepo inonzi shunt dc mota. Iyo wiring inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1.23 (a).Mumufananidzo, M anomiririra mota. Kana iri jenareta, inoratidzwa naG.Permanent magineti dc mota inogona zvakare kutorwa seye shunt dc mota.
Iyo yekunakidzwa inomonereka ye shunt excited dc mota iri kufambirana neiyo armature winding.Se shunt jenareta, ndiyo terminal voltage kubva kumota pachayo inopa simba kune yekumhanyisa mhepo.Se mota shunt, mafambiro ekusimudzira uye armature inogovera simba rimwechete sosi, uye kuita kwe shunt mota kwakafanana.
Iyo yekunakisa mhepo yeakateedzana excited dc mota yakabatana neiyo dc magetsi mushure mekubatanidza nhevedzano neiyo armature winding.Ikozvino yekunakidzwa kweiyi dc mota ndiyo armature ikozvino.
Dc mota ine mukomboni excitation ine maviri emanyawi windings, parallel excitation uye series excitation.Kana iyo magineti inoyerera inogadzirwa neyakatevedzana inomonereka iri munzira imwe chete neiyo inogadzirwa neshunt inomonereka, inodaidzwa kuti cumulative compound excitation.Kana maviri magineti ekuyerera ari mumativi akasiyana, anodaidzwa kunzi differential compound excitation.
Dc motors ane akasiyana excitation modes ane akasiyana maitiro.Kazhinji, iwo makuru ekufambisa modhi yedc mota ndeye shunt excitation, nhevedzano mafambiro uye kuwedzeredza kwemukomboni, nepo nzira huru dzekukurudzira dze dc jenareta dziri shunt excitation, shunt excitation uye kuwedzeredza kwekomboni.
Permanent magineti dc mota zvakare neiyo stator magineti pole, rotor, bhurasho, kunze
Shell uye zvimwe zvinhu, stator magineti danda uchishandisa anogara magineti (anogara magineti simbi), ferrite, aluminium nickel cobalt, ndfeb nezvimwe zvinhu.Zvinoenderana nechimiro chayo chechimiro chinogona kukamurwa kuva cylinder mhando uye tile mhando.Mazhinji emagetsi anoshandiswa muVCR icylindrical magineti, nepo mazhinji emamotor anoshandiswa mumidziyo yemagetsi nemidziyo yemotokari akakosha block magineti.
Kazhinji, rotor inogadzirwa nesilicon simbi, ine mashoma slots pane iyo yemagetsi dc mota.Mazhinji emagetsi akaderera-simba anoshandiswa muVCR ane 3-slot, uye epamusoro-giredhi ari 5-slot kana 7-slot.Enamelled wire yakakuvadzwa pakati maviri grooves rotor musimboti (matatu grooves ari matatu windings), uye majoini ayo zvakatevedzana welded pamusoro simbi bepa commutator.Iyo bhurashi yemagetsi inhengo inofambisa inobatanidza magetsi uye rotor mhepo.Iyo brashi yeanogara magineti mota INOSHANDISA unisexual simbi pepa kana simbi graphite bhurasho, electrochemical graphite bhurasho.
Yechigarire magineti dc mota inoshandiswa muVCR inotora zvemagetsi kumhanya kudzikamisa dunhu kana centrifugal kumhanya kudzikamisa mudziyo.
Brushless dc mota INOSHANDISA semiconductor switch mudziyo kuona zvemagetsi commutator, kureva, yemagetsi switch mudziyo kutsiva yechinyakare yekubata commutator uye bhurashi.Iyo ine zvakanakira kuvimbika kwepamusoro, hapana spark yekufamba uye yakaderera mechanic ruzha. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando yepamusoro-giredhi yekurekodha block, vhidhiyo rekodha, zvemagetsi chiridzwa uye otomatiki hofisi michina.
Brushless dc mota inoumbwa nekusingaperi magineti rotor, akawanda-pole mhepo inotenderera stator uye chinzvimbo sensor.Position sensing zvinoenderana nekuchinja kwenzvimbo yerotor, pamwe nekutevedzana kwe stator winding current converter (kureva kuona rotor magnetic pole inoenderana nenzvimbo ye stator winding, uye mukuona nzvimbo yeposition sensor sign, chiratidzo chekushandura dzora simba rekuchinja redunhu, mushure mekugadzirisa zvinoenderana nehumwe hukama hwehukama pakati pemhepo yazvino switch).Iyo yekushanda voltage ye stator winding inopiwa nemagetsi ekushandura dunhu rinodzorwa nekubuda kwenzvimbo sensor.
Kune marudzi matatu ezvinzvimbo sensors: magineti, photoelectric uye electromagnetic.Iyo brushless dc mota inotora magineti-sensitive chinzvimbo sensor, uye magineti-sensitive sensor zvikamu (senge horo element, magineti-sensitive diode, magineti-sensitive geophone, magineti-inonzwa resistor kana yakakosha yakabatanidzwa wedunhu, nezvimwewo) yakaiswa pane iyo stator zvikamu, izvo zvinoshandiswa kuona shanduko yemagineti inogadzirwa nekutenderera kwekusingaperi magineti uye rotor.
Iyo brushless dc mota ine photoelectric chinzvimbo sensor inoshongedzerwa nephotoelectric sensor mune imwe nzvimbo pane stator gungano. Iyo rotor inoshongedzerwa neplate ye shading. Chitubu chemwenje chinotungamirwa kana girobhu diki.Apo rotor inotenderera, zvigadziridzo zvinotarisa chiedza pa stator zvichabudisa zviratidzo zvepulse intermittently maererano neimwe frequency nekuda kwekuita kweplate ye shading.
Uchishandisa electromagnetic chinzvimbo sensor brushless dc mota, iri mumagetsi magineti sensors akaiswa pane stator chikamu zvikamu (senge coupling transformer, padhuze nekuchinja, LC resonance wedunhu, nezvimwewo), kana inogara magineti rotor chinzvimbo ichichinja, magetsi emagetsi anoita. ita iyo electromagnetic sensor inogadzira yakakwira frequency modulation siginecha (iyo amplitude inoshanduka neiyo rotor chinzvimbo).
Kubva pazero kumhanya kusvika kumhanyisa kumhanya kunogona kupa yakayerorwa torque kuita, asi zvakanakira dc mota zvakare zvazvakaipira, nekuti dc mota kugadzira yakatemerwa mutoro inogara torque kuita, iyo armature magineti uye rotor magineti inofanirwa kuchengetedza 90 °, inodiwa. nekabhoni brashi uye commutator.Iyo kabhoni bhurashi uye commutator inoburitsa sparks kana mota ichitendeuka, saka iyo kabhoni poda haingokonzerese kukuvadza kune zvikamu, asiwo kushandiswa kwemamiriro acho kushoma.Ac mota isina kabhoni bhurashi uye commutator, yekuchengetedza-isina, yakasimba, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, asi hunhu hwakaenzana neDC mota kuita hunofanirwa kuwanikwa nekuoma kunzwisisa tekinoroji.Mazuva ano, semiconductor inokura nekukurumidza. Iyo inoshandura frequency yemagetsi emagetsi inokurumidza kukurumidza, iyo inovandudza mashandiro emota yekutyaira.Iko kumhanya kweiyo microprocessor zvakare kuri kukurumidza uye nekukurumidza, iyo inogona kuona iyo ac mota control mune inotenderera mbiri-axis yakananga alternating coordination system, zvakakodzera kudzora chazvino chikamu cheiyo ac mota mune maviri-axis, kuti uwane kutonga kwakafanana. kune iyo dc mota uye uve nekuita kwakaenzana neiyo dc mota.
Mukuwedzera, ma microprocessors akawanda akaita mabasa anodiwa kuti adzore motokari mu chip, uye vhoriyamu iri kuwedzera zvishoma uye zvishoma;Analogi kuenda kudhijitari inoshandura (ADC), Pulse wide modulator (PWM)...Uye zvakadaro.Brushless dc mota imhando yekushandisa iyo inodzora kufambiswa kweiyo ac mota nenzira dzemagetsi uye inowana iwo akafanana maitiro eiyo dc mota pasina kushaikwa kweiyo dc mota mechanic.
Brushless dc mota imhando yeinjiniya mota, kureva kuti kumhanya kwemotor rotor kunokanganisa nekumhanya kwemota stator inotenderera magineti uye huwandu hwematanda e rotor (p) :
N = 120.F/p.Kana nhamba yemapuranga e rotor yakagadziriswa, iyo rotor speed inogona kuchinjwa nekushandura frequency ye stator inotenderera magnetic field.Brushless dc mota ndiyo synchronous mota pamwe nemagetsi control (mutyairi), dzora stator inotenderera magineti frequency uye mota rotor kumhanya kudzokera kunzvimbo yekudzora inodzokororwa kururamiswa, kuitira kuti uwane padyo neiyo dc mota maitiro.Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo brushless dc mota inogona kudzora mota rotor kuchengetedza imwe kumhanya kana mutoro uchichinja mukati meyero yakayerwa mutoro.
Iyo brushless dc mutyairi anosanganisira dhipatimendi remagetsi, dhipatimendi rekutonga uye dhipatimendi rekupa magetsi kupa matatu-chikamu magetsi emagetsi kumota, uye dhipatimendi rekutonga rinoshandura kupinza kwemagetsi frequency zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa.
Simba remagetsi rinogona kuiswa zvakananga neazvino (kazhinji 24v) kana alternating current (110v/220v). Kana iyo yekuisa iri kushandura ikozvino, inofanirwa kushandurwa kuita dc neConverter.Ose ari maviri ekuisa dc kana ac yekupinda kuti atendeuke kune mota coil inofanirwa kunge iri pamberi peiyo dc voltage yeInverter (inogadzira) kuita matatu phase voltage kutyaira mota.Inverter (inoita) nematanhatu anowanzo simba transistor (q1 ~ q6) yakakamurwa kuita ruoko rwepamusoro (q1, q3 uye q5)/ruwoko rwezasi (q2, q4, q6) batanidza switch yemota sezvo kutonga kunoyerera kuburikidza necoil.Dhipatimendi rekudzora rinopa PWM (pulse wide modulation) sarudzo simba transistor switching frequency uye iyo Inverter (inoita) nguva yekuchinja.Brushless dc mota kazhinji inotarisira kushandisa iyo yekumhanyisa kudzora iyo inogona kugadzikana pamutengo wakaiswa pasina yakawandisa shanduko kana mutoro wachinja, saka mota inoshongedzerwa nehoro-sensor iyo inogona kunzwa magineti, seyakavharika loop control ye. kumhanya, uye zvakare sehwaro hwechikamu chekutonga kutevedzana.Asi izvi ndezvekumhanyisa kudzora kwete zvekutonga kwekuisa.
Kuita kutenderera kwemota, dhipatimendi rekutonga rinofanira zvinoenderana neHoro - sensor inonzwa nzvimbo yemota rotor, uye zvino maererano ne stator winding yakasarudza kuvhura (kana kuvharwa) Inverter (inoita) mukurongeka kweiyo transistor simba, iyo ikozvino inoyerera nemumotikari coil munhevedzano yakadzika kurukova (kana reverse) inotenderedza magineti, uye ichidyidzana negineti yerotor, saka inogona kuita mota kutevedzana/kudzokera kumashure kutenderera.Kana iyo mota rotor ichitenderera ichienda kunzvimbo iyo imwe seti yezviratidzo inonzwiwa nehoro-sensor, dhipatimendi rekutonga rinovhura seti inotevera yemagetsi transistors. Nenzira iyi, motokari inotenderera inogona kuramba ichitenderera kune imwe nzira kusvikira dhipatimendi rekutonga rasarudza kuvhara simba re transistor (kana kungoshandura simba rezasi remaoko transistor) kana motokari rotor ikamira.Kudzoreredza mota rotor, iyo transistor yemagetsi inovhurwa mune yakatarisana.
General brushless dc mota inonyatso servo mota, inoumbwa neiyo synchronous mota uye mutyairi.Iyo brushless dc mota ine inosiyana kudzvanywa uye yekumhanyisa mutemo ndeye brushless dc mota mupfungwa chaiyo. Iyo inoumbwa ne stator uye rotor. Iyo stator inoumbwa nesimbi core."Kupeta, nekudaro kugadzira ns boka reyakagadziriswa magineti, rotor inoumbwa necylindrical magineti (yepakati shaft), kana inoumbwa neelectromagnet plus yekuunganidza mhete, iyi brushless dc mota inogona kuburitsa torque, asi haigone kudzora nzira, zvakadaro, mota iyi iri chigadzirwa chine revo zvikuru.Paunenge uchiita se dc jenareta, iyo yakagadzirwa inogona kuburitsa inoenderera amplitude yedc yazvino, nekudaro kudzivirira kushandiswa kwesefa capacitor, uye rotor inogona kuve yekusingaperi magineti, brushless kana brushless.Kana ichishandiswa semota hombe, mota inoburitsa self-inductance, inoda kushandisa inodzivirira mudziyo.
NER GROUP CO., LIMITED inyanzvi yekugadzira uye yekuburitsa yega yegiya bhokisi remagetsi, giya mota uye magetsi emotors kwemakore akati wandei kubva kuChina.
Isu tinotenda kuti isu tinogona kubatsirana nemi pane iri bhizinesi uye ndokumbirawo kutibata kana muchifarira.
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